appraisal active APPRAISAL-TYPE appraisal attitude active ATTITUDE encompasses different options for expressing positive or negative evaluation engagement active ENGAGEMENT addresses options for expanding and contracting space for other voices graduation active adjustments of other meanings - scaling the FORCE of a meaning (e.g. intensifying or quantifying) - grading the FOCUS, (the boundedness) of the meaning (e.g. as degree of specificity or completion). ATTITUDE-TYPE attitude affect active Evaluates an entity, process or state emotionally: E.g., that makes me happy. E.g., This building bores me. But note: A BORING building is APPRECIATION:REACTION E.g. Adverbs: happily, sadly Adjectives: I am happy that Nominalised emotions: his fear... judgement active Evaluates human behaviour ethically (morally or legally) language which criticises or praises, which condemns or applauds the behaviour – the actions, deeds, sayings, beliefs, motivations etc - of human individuals and groups. appreciation active Evaluates things, processes and states of affairs aesthetically or wrt the social value accorded to the object. Human participants may be 'appreciated' where the assessment does not directly focus on the correctness or incorrectness of behaviour, but rather the appearance of the person AFFECT-TYPE affect authorial-evaluation active The author is the one ascribing affect E.g., Sadly, ... non-authorial-evaluation active A participant is the one evaluating the affect E.g.He likes Mary. AFFECT-TYPE2 affect un/happiness active evaluates as two different types of happiness/unhappiness, i.e. negative and positive happiness. the first relates to the dimension misery(-ve) - cheer(+ve), the second relates to a dimension antipathy(-ve) - affection(+ve). dis/satisfaction active evaluates via two sub-types of dis/satisfation, i.e. negative - positive satisfaction: the first is along the dimension ennui(-ve) - interest(+ve), the second displeasure - pleasure. in/security active evaluates along two dimensions of -ve and +ve security: dis/quiet and dis/trust dis/inclination active assessments as to the desirability attached to any object, person or undertaking. e.g. keen, long for, wish to, versus wary, disinclined, unwanted UN/HAPPINESS-TYPE un/happiness misery/cheer active misery: e.g. down, sad, miserable (as behaviour: whimper, cry,wail) etc cheer: e.g. cheerful, buoyant, jubilant (as behaviour: chuckle, laugh, rejoice) etc antipathy/affection active antipathy: e.g. dislike, hate, abhor (as behaviour: rubbish, abuse, revile) etc affection: e.g. fond, loving, adoring (as behaviour: shake hands, embrace, hug) etc DIS/SATISFACTION-TYPE dis/satisfaction ennui/interest active ennui: e.g. flat, stale, jaded (as behaviour: fidget, yawn, tune out) interest: e.g. involved, absorbed, engrossed (as behaviour: attentive, fixated, eyes glued) dis/pleasure active displeasure: e.g.cross, angry, furious (caution, scold, castigate) pleasure: e.g. satisfied, pleased, chuffed (pat on the back, compliment, reward), etc IN/SECURITY-TYPE in/security dis/quiet active disquiet: e.g. uneasy, anxious, freaked out (restless, sweating, shaking) quiet: e.g. together, confident, assured, laid back, etc dis/trust active distrust: e.g. taken aback, astonished, suspicious trust: e.g. comfortable (with), assured, confident (in) (delegate, commit, entrust), etc JUDGEMENT-TYPE judgement normality active assessments of how special or unusual is the behaviour or the person's state. e.g. natural, familiar, fashionable, celebrated, versus artificial, poseur, eccentric, peculiar, odd, etc capacity active assessments of competence and ability, e.g. skilled, genius, knowledgeable, brilliant, versus stupid, dull, ignorant, clumsy, etc tenacity active assessments of psychological disposition wrt determination and resolve. e.g. plucky, brave, resolute, reliable, loyal, hard-working, versus cowardly, reckless, hasty, impatient, etc propriety active assessments of ethical or moral standing, 'how far beyond reproach' si the behaviour or person's state. e.g. good, fair, just, generous, charitable, kind, versus immoral, corrupt, arrogant, greedy, etc veracity active assessments regarding the person's truthfulness or honesty, dependent on social contextual values. e.g. credible, candid, direct, sincere, versus deceitful, a liar, manipulative, devious, etc unclear active assessments of behaviour and persona where none of the sub-types of judgement may apply. these cases are different than those which need to be double-coded under conditions of ambiguity. APPRECIATION-TYPE appreciation reaction active Values which make reference to, or are derived from, values of AFFECT but where the emotional reaction (depress, bore etc) has been detached from any human experiencer of the emotion and been attached to the evaluated entity as if it were some property which the entity objectively and intrinsically possesses E.g. A DEPRESSING sight met our eyes. E.g. It’s an extremely BORING building composition active how well the parts of the entity fit together. POSITIVE: harmonious, well-formed, balanced, unified, intricate NEGATIVE: ill-formed, convoluted, confused, unbalanced, discordant, contorted. social-valuation active Whether somethng is 'socially' valued for its usefulness, worthiness, efficaciousness, health-giving properties: its contribution to the community, or its value to the consumer: related to judgement: propriety REACTION-TYPE reaction impact active how does it strike me? what initial reaction does it make? the perceptual aspects or aesthetics of the item quality active do i like it? how do i react emotionally towards it, what are my affectual responses COMPOSITION-TYPE composition balance active did it hang together? was it harmonious, organised, well-proportioned, logical, or unbalanced, lop-sided, irregular, flawed, discordant, shapeless? complexity active was it hard or easy to follow? was it simple, pure, elegant, clear, precise, lucid, coherent, or was it extravagent, byzantine, woolly, arcane, simplistic, etc? EXPLICITNESS attitude inscribed active The text contains a word or phrase which explicitly evaluates the behaviour. E.g. immoral, virtuous, just, sinful, lascivious, invoked active The judgement is not explicit in a word or phrase, but rather implied by information given. E.g. Bush delivered his inaugural speech as the United States President who collected 537,000 fewer votes than his opponent. ATTITUDE-POLARITY attitude positive-attitude active negative-attitude active ambiguous active 'ambiguous' or unclear valency can be a feature of texts where an attitude is clearly present, but it is not clear whether it is negative or positive - such as in cases where this serves some rhetorical purpose, or where a reader may not be able to decide one way or the other, even after taking into account co-textual and cultural cues. ENGAGEMENT-TYPE engagement mono-glossic active hetero-glossic active HETERO-GLOSSIC-TYPE hetero-glossic contract active expand active CONTRACT-TYPE contract disclaim active proclaim active DISCLAIM-TYPE disclaim deny active no, didn't, never, not, etc | disclaim: deny is a lexicogrammatical feature denying the scoped or framed entity or process, but its discourse semantic effects are multiple and depend on other co-textual signals counter active counter covers all instances where contrast occurs for discourse semnatic reasons. it is usually signalled by lexical items such as yet, although, but, amazingly, etc, but it can be present through straight comparison-contrast such as via parallelism PROCLAIM-TYPE proclaim concur active pronounce active I contend, the facts of the matter are, indeed, etc endorse active the X demonstrates, shows, proves, .... justify active a proposition is justified when reasons are given. signal words are because, since, the reason for, etc, and flags the proposition as contentious and requiring justification CONCUR-TYPE concur affirm active naturally, of course, obviously, etc concede active admittedly, sure..., however, etc EXPAND-TYPE expand entertain active perhaps, it's probably that, it seems, may, must, apparently, expository questions.... attribute active ATTRIBUTE-GATE attribute acknowledge active halliday argues that, most people acknowledge that, etc distance active chomsky claimed to have shown that... GRADUATION-TYPE graduation force active Stronger or weaker attitude focus active Exact or vague attitude Sharpening or softening of boundaries of: - entities (realising graded valeur), and - processes (realising graded fulfilment). Enable the blurring of categorical meanings (of entities or processes), representing them as open, fluidor incomplete. FORCE-TYPE force intensification active Intensifies an attitude (SUCH A fool, EXTREMELY attractive) quantification active Quantifies the attitude - Number: heaps of troubles; - Amount: so much distress; - Extent: long-lasting hostility INTENSIFICATION-TYPE intensification degree active vigour active QUANTIFICATION-TYPE quantification number active mass active extent active EXTENT-GATE extent proximity active distribution active PROXIMITY-TYPE proximity time active space active DISTRIBUTION-TYPE distribution distrib-time active distrib-space active SCALE force upscale active downscale active LEXICAL-FUSION force isolating active infusing active FOCUS-TYPE focus soften active E.g. it was sort of nice sharpen active E.g. it was exactly what I wanted